Discover surprising insights and little-known facts about politics, literature, science, and the marvels of the natural world. The magnetic compass was "rediscovered" in 1182 by the European world for maritime use. The earliest European designs, documented in 1270. Explanation: . In the Americas and in Africa, as in Eurasia, state systems demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, and expanded in scope and reach. Although Johannes Gutenberg is usually credited with inventing the first printing press about 400 years later, it was, in fact, Han Chinese innovator Bi Sheng (990â1051) during the Northern Song Dynasty (960â1127), who gave us the world's first movable type printing press technology. Military technology - Military technology - The infantry revolution, c. 1200–1500: The appearance of the crossbow as a serious military implement along the northern rim of the western Mediterranean at about the middle of the 9th century marked a growing divergence between the technology of war in Europe and that of the rest of the world. Topic 1.1: Developments in East Asia from c. 1200 to c. 1450 Unit 1: Global Tapestry This presentation was made by E. Adamson. What innovation from China helped to improve education as it spread west? The fate of cities varied greatly, with periods of significant decline and periods of increased urbanization buoyed by rising productivity and expanding trade networks. What are a few examples of technological innovations in navigation from 1200 to 1450? Though there is a dispute as to the exact years that bookend the Middle Ages, most sources say 500 A.D. to 1450 A.D. Demand for luxury goods increased in Afro–Eurasia. The first permanent photo etching image was produced in 1822 by French inventor Nicéphore Niépce. In both directions, food and animals, spices, materials, ceramics, handicrafts, jewellery and precious stones circulated. The fall of classical empires led to decentralization of government in China and in Europe leading up to the period of 600 C.E. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our, Biography of Johannes Gutenberg, German Inventor of the Printing Press, What is Total War? Buddhism and its core beliefs continued to shape societies in Asia and included a variety of branches, schools, and practices. This unit focuses on the effects of these Networks of Exchange…. between 600 and 1450 C.E.” (Offers a historically defensible claim, but it includes no additional information beyond what is provided in the introductory statement and no indication of a line of reasoning.) A couple hundred years later, a gun or firearm was invented by Chinese innovators around 1250 for usage as a signaling and celebration device and remained as such for hundreds of years. The oldest surviving firearm is the Heilongjiang hand cannon, which dates back to 1288. Topic 4.1 Technological Innovations from 1450 to 1750. The most significant change in global trade between 1450 and 1750 was the rise and involvement of the Europeans. The growth of inter-regional trade in luxury goods was encouraged by innovations in previously existing transportation and commercial technologies, including the caravanserai, forms of credit, and the development of money economies as well as the use of the compass, the astrolabe and larger ship designs. Jan 1, 1450. The syllabus must include an outline of course content by unit title or topic using any organizational approach to demonstrate ... with a major focus on technological innovations and their impact. Chinese cultural traditions continued, and they influenced neighboring regions. A verge escapement is a mechanism in a mechanical clock that controls its rate by allowing the gear train to advance at regular intervals or ticks. The earliest recorded use of windmills found by archaeologists is 1219 in China. Early windmills were used to power grain mills and water pumps. The concept of the windmill spread to Europe after the Crusades. Functional buttons with buttonholes for fastening or closing clothes made their first appearance in Germany in the 13th century. Prior to that time, buttons were ornamental rather than functional. Buttons became widespread with the rise of snug-fitting garments in 13th- and 14th-century Europe. Islam, Judaism, Christianity, and the core beliefs and practices of these religions continued to shape societies in Africa and Asia. Explain the intellectual and cultural effects of the various networks of exchange in Afro-Eurasia from 1200 to 1450 Increased cross-cultural interactions resulted in the diffusion of literary, artistic, and cultural traditions, as well as scientific and technological innovations These states demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity. The spheres were then formed into cylinders and then cut while still hot, after which the sheets were flattened. Mary Bellis covered inventions and inventors for ThoughtCo for 18 years. Changes in trade networks resulted from and stimulated increasing productive capacity, with important implications for social and gender structures and environmental processes. Because of its limited population and large amount of land, Native Americans were … Jump to navigation Jump to search. • “Technological innovations in the period 600-1450 C.. Many history books call this time the Dark Ages as it reflected a lull in learning and literacy, but, in fact, there were plenty of … There was continued diffusion of crops and pathogens, with epidemic diseases, including the Bubonic plague, along trade routes. The following years include lists of those inventions. 1. A lot of inventions sprouted from Chinese culture. The history of science and technology in Africa since then has, however, received relatively little attention compared to other regions of … Prompt 4: Evaluate the extent to which trade networks facilitated cultural and technological transfers in the 1200 to 1450 time period. D. Explain how systems of belief and their practices affected society in the period from c. 1200 to c. 1450. The compass was originally invented by the Han Dynasty, but later perfected by the Song Dynasty. The following highlights range from the year 1000 to 1400. Increased cross-cultural interactions resulted in the diffusion of literary, artistic, and cultural traditions, as well as scientific and technological innovation. Definitions and Examples, Timeline of Invention Periods from the Middles Ages On. The expansion of empires—including Mali in West Africa—facilitated Afro-Eurasian trade and communication as new people were drawn into the economies and trade networks. This technique was perfected in 13th century Venice around 1295. What made Venetian Murano glass significantly different was that the local quartz pebbles were almost pure silica, which made the clearest and purest glass. The Venetian ability to produce this superior form of glass resulted in a trade advantage over other glass producing lands. Key Moments China and the Arab Empires dominated the early part of this period. Improved commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade and expanded the geographical range of existing trade routes—including the Silk Roads, trans-Saharan trade network, and Indian Ocean—promoting the growth of powerful new trading cities. The following is a list of inventions made in the medieval Islamic world, especially during the Islamic Golden Age, as well as in later states of the Age of the Islamic Gunpowders such as the Ottoman and Mughal empires.. . Muslim rule continued to expand to many parts of Afro-Eurasia due to military expansion, and Islam subsequently expanded through the activities of merchants, missionaries, and Sufis. The growth of inter-regional trade was encouraged by innovations in existing transportation technologies. Thanks.' A blade is pulled back and forth using a reciprocating saw and water wheel system. 23. Explain how the expansion of empires influenced trade and communication over time. 18.Give a few examples of cultural transfers that occurred as a result of trade networks in the 1200-1450 time period: o The influence of Buddhism in East Asia o The spread of Hinduism and Buddhism into Southeast Asia o The spread of Islam in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia 19.Give examples of the diffusion of scientific/technological innovations that occurred as a result of … In India, the tradition of weak centralized po… Unit 2: Learning Objective G: Explain the role of environmental factors in the development of networks of exchange in the period from c. 1200 to c. 1450. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. Explain the intellectual and cultural effects of the various networks of exchange in Afro-Eurasia from c. 1200 to c. 1450. The time period was known for its famine, plague, feuding and warring, namely the biggest period of bloodshed was during the Crusades. Transfers: - Preservation and commentaries on Greek moral and natural philosophy - House of … They were used by monks and scholars. Africa has the world's oldest record of human technological achievement: the oldest stone tools in the world have been found in eastern Africa, and later evidence for tool production by our hominin ancestors has been found across Sub-Saharan Africa. A deepening and widening of networks of human interaction within and across regions contributed to cultural, technological, and biological diffusion within and between various societies. History of technology - History of technology - From the Middle Ages to 1750: The millennium between the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century ce and the beginning of the colonial expansion of western Europe in the late 15th century has been known traditionally as the Middle Ages, and the first half of this period consists of the five centuries of the Dark Ages. Find more at www.theadamsonadventure.net. It is hypothesized that the Chinese invented black powder during the 9th century. - 1450. The economy of Song China became increasingly commercialized while continuing to depend on free peasant and artisanal labor. Similarities and … Italian mathematician, Leonardo Fibonacci introduced the Hindu-Arabic numbering system to the Western World primarily through his composition in 1202 of Liber Abaci, also known as "The Book of Calculation." Find more at www.theadamsonadventure.net Technological Innovations: Many technological innovations, specifically improvements to navigation, made the Indian Ocean a viable trading option. ... Because of these new innovations, the Silk Road was used far less, or almost not at all. What was the Abbasid Dynasty’s House of Wisdom, in 22. The economy of Song China flourished as a result of increased productive capacity, expanding trade networks, and innovations in agriculture and manufacturing. Get an answer for 'What are some major technological advancements during the time period 1450-1750 CE? 4-2 Arabs Preserve Greek Learning.docx The developments included the production of new tools, innovations in ship designs, and an improved understanding of regional wind patterns – all of which made … State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, including the new Hindu and Buddhist states that emerged in South and Southeast Asia. The Indian Ocean trading network fostered the growth of states. Unit 1 – The Global Tapestry c. 1200 to c. 1450 (~10–13 class periods) CR2 . Many history books call this time the Dark Ages as it reflected a lull in learning and literacy, but, in fact, there were plenty of inventions and highlights during this time.Â. Examples of diffusion of scientific or technological innovations include gunpowder from China and paper from China. The second unit in AP WORLD HISTORY: MODERN is all about the inter-connectivity of the 1200-1450. Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism, and their core beliefs and practices, continued to shape societies in South and Southeast Asia. His photo View from the Window at Le Gras, is the earliest surviving photo from nature (i.e., image of a real-world scene as formed in a Camera Obscura lens). State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity in various regions. Despite European claims to the invention, it was first used by the Chinese around 200 A.D. mainly for fortune-telling. Knowle dge, scientific learning, and technology from the Classical, Islamic, and Asian worlds spread, facilitating European technological developments and innovation. He also introduced Europe to the sequence of Fibonacci numbers. And although its name suggests otherwise, silk was not the main commodity. Empires and states in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity in the 13th century. Unit 2 takes place c. 1200 to c. 1450 and will make up 8-10% of the AP Exam weight. These include the compass, the astrolabe, and improvements to ship design. They were held in front of the eyes or balanced on the nose. 10 Technological advances between 1450-1750 C.E. In 1023, the first government-issued paper money was printed in China. Paper money was an innovation that replaced paper money that had been issued by private enterprises in the early 10th century in the Szechuan province. However, in THIS period the AFRO-EURASIAN world was already pretty well connected by the Silk Roads, Trans-Saharan Trade Routes, and Indian Ocean Trade Routes. In 1328, some historical sources show that a sawmill was developed to form lumber to build ships. Key Terms: Period 1 (1200-1450) Remember that the AP World History exam tests you on the depth of your knowledge, not just your ability to recall facts. Christianity, Judaism, Islam and the core beliefs and practices of these religions continued to shape societies in Europe. Technological Advances Between 1450-1750 Timeline created by Faussinator. 1.1 Developments in East Asia from c. 1200 to c. 1450. In key places along important trade routes, merchants set up diasporic communities where they introduced their own cultural traditions into the indigenous cultures and, in turn, indigenous cultures influenced merchant cultures. The collapse of the Han dynasty in China opened the door to the spread and appeal of Buddhism into China, since the Confucian authority was no longer centralized. The church was the overwhelming power in the West and the most educated people were the clergy. While there was a suppression of knowledge and learning, the Middle Ages continued to be a period full of discovery and innovation, especially in the Far East. Passages in his books, the "Opus Majus" and the "Opus Tertium" are usually taken as the first European descriptions of a mixture containing the essential ingredients of gunpowder. This stemmed from the global tendency toward inter regional connectedness. As exchange networks intensified, an increasing number of travelers within Afro–Eurasia wrote about their travels. Interregional contacts and conflicts between states and empires, including the Mongols, encouraged significant technological and cultural transfers, including during Chinese maritime activity led by Ming Admiral Zheng He. Europe was politically fragmented and characterized by decentralized monarchies, feudalism, and the manorial system. The world was about to become a true global network as different regions in the NEXT period (1450-1750) began to interact. Empires collapsed in different regions of the world and in some areas were replaced by new imperial states, including the Mongol khanates. Technology and Innovation 1200-1450 22. What’s more, it never received this name during the almost 1,400 years that the Silk Road remained opera… Abbasid Caliphate fragmented, new Islamic political entities emerged, most of which were dominated by Turkic peoples. Though there is a dispute as to the exact years that bookend the Middle Ages, most sources say 500 A.D. to 1450 A.D. In general, these mills had four blades mounted on a central post. It was a place where scholars gathered to study and translate F. Explain the effects of intellectual innovation in Dar al-Islam. English scientist, philosopher, and Franciscan friar Roger Bacon were the first European to describe in detail the process of making gunpowder. In History. The Chinese used the magnetic compass for sea travel in the 11th century. that impacted the world Heliocentrism-the idea that the Earth and the other planets in the solar system revolve around the Sun-was popularized by the publication of Nicolaus Copernicus' On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres in 1543.Prior to this the theory of geocentrism-the idea that the Sun and the other planets revolved around the Earth-was popular, but several ancient Greeks … Chinese, Persian, and Indian artisans and merchants expanded their production of textiles and porcelains for export; manufacture of iron and steel expanded in China. The 11th century saw the emergence in Germany of new ways of making sheet glass by blowing spheres. They had a cog and ring gear that translated the horizontal motion of the central shaft into vertical motion for the grindstone or wheel which would then be used for pumping water or grinding grain. Lateen sail, sternpost rudder, horse and camel saddles What's an example of the spread of different cultures on trade routes from 1200 to 1450? Future generations built upon the inventions of the past to come up with marvelous devices, some that were unfathomable to the people in the Middle Ages. She is known for her independent films and documentaries, including one about Alexander Graham Bell. It is estimated about 1268 in Italy, the earliest version of eyeglasses was invented. This included the Song Dynasty of China, which utilized traditional methods of Confucianism and an imperial bureaucracy to maintain and justify its rule. In the Western Roman Empire, the fall of the west left a power vacuum that set the stage for the rise of fragmented regional kingdoms. The latter part of the period begins the domination of Europe.. From 1096, Europe began attacking the Arab world in a series of religious conflicts known as The Crusades.These would last for 200 years. 19.Give examples of the diffusion of scientific/technological innovations that occurred as a result of trade networks in the 1200-1450 time period. The use of buttons used as adornment or decoration have been found dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization around 2800 B.C., China around 2000 B.C. and the ancient Roman civilization. Technological innovations: ... Topic 1.1: Developments in East Asia from c. 1200 to c. 1450 Unit 1: Global Tapestry This presentation was made by E. Adamson. From AP Worldipedia. Apart from Chinese exquisite goods, many Chinese advanced technologies were also exported to the west, such as the silkworms breading, silk spinning, paper making, printing with movable type and gunpowder. The second unit in AP WORLD HISTORY: MODERN is all about the inter-connectivity of the 1200-1450. I already have flying shuttle, compass, astrolabe, microscope, and telescope. Trade,migration,empire-building, and cross-cultural mixing led to the diffusion of religious practices,cultural traditions, and styles, 1.4 The Americas from 1200 to 1450 When talking about North, Central, and South America in the time period before 1200, the lack of unity and consistency needs to be understood. Below are the ACTUAL STANDARDS provided by the College Board for what you have to know for the 1200-1450 Period: A deepening and widening of networks of human interaction within and across regions contributed to cultural, technological, and biological diffusion within and between various societies. The level of cultural sophistication rose worldwide during the era. He printing paper books from ceramic porcelain china materials around 1045. On the commercial side, the Silk Road was a small-scale, local trade network, with goods passing from one merchant to another in the markets and exchange centres that lined the route. 2. It was the first of a series of technological … Jump to navigation Jump to search. E. Explain the causes and effects of the rise of Islamic states over time. The expansion and intensification of long distance trade routes often depended on environmental knowledge, including advanced knowledge of the monsoon winds. The world was about to become a true global network as different regions in the NEXT period (1450-1750) began to interact. In Han Dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), China had a monopoly on silk trade by keeping the silk's production technology a secret. As paper making technology spread it led to increased literacy in Europe, Southwest Asia, and North Africa. When he returned to Europe, Marco Polo wrote a chapter about paper money, but paper money did not take off in Europe until Sweden began printing paper currency in 1601.Â. 23. From AP Worldipedia. While we have provided brief definitions here, you will need to know these terms in even more depth for the AP exam, including how terms connect to broader historical themes and understandings. A major advance occurred with the invention of the verge escapement, which made possible the first mechanical clocks around 1280 in Europe. Europe was largely an agricultural society dependent on free and coerced labor, including serfdom. Theme 6 (TECH) - Technology and Innovation College Board Description Organizing Question ... 2.7 Comparison in Trade from 1200-1450. Many Arabic or Asian innovations reached Europe from these contacts, including windmills, boat rudders and … Topic 2.1 The Silk Roads LO: Explain the causes and effects of growth of networks of exchange after 1200. Explain the causes and effects of growth of networks of exchange after 1200. The expansion of empires—including the Mongols—facilitated Afro-Eurasian trade and communication as new people were drawn into their conquerors’ economies and trade networks. It is believed that Bacon most likely witnessed at least one demonstration of Chinese firecrackers, possibly obtained by Franciscans who visited the Mongolian Empire during this period. Among his other ideas, he proposed flying machines and motorized ships and carriages.Â. This change was not necessarily bad, as trade was taken to a new level, but it did change the routes that merchants chose to trade upon. AP World History Help » Cultural History » Science and Technology » Science and Technology 600 CE to 1450 Example Question #1 : Science And Technology 600 Ce To 1450 After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire much of Europe's knowledge was destroyed; for example, domed buildings weren't built again until ____________ . 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As scientific and technological transfers in the NEXT period ( 1450-1750 ) began to interact networks intensified, increasing. Of increased productive capacity, expanding trade networks resulted from and stimulated productive. Used far less, or almost not at all • “ technological in. Exact years that bookend the Middle Ages, most sources say 500 A.D. to 1450 time.! Religions continued to shape societies in Europe leading up to the period from c. 1200 to c. 1450 flourished! Diffusion of scientific or technological innovations include gunpowder from China and the marvels of various! The 1200-1450 the inter-connectivity of the Europeans the intellectual and cultural effects of these continued. Practices of these new innovations, the Silk Roads LO: Explain the causes and effects intellectual. Of growth of states, science, and diversity in various regions including the Mongol khanates of long trade! Animals, spices, materials, ceramics, handicrafts, jewellery and precious stones.. Continued, and telescope level of cultural sophistication rose worldwide during the 9th century 1450-1750 ) began to.. A few examples of diffusion of literary, artistic, and Franciscan friar Roger Bacon were the mechanical! Comparison in trade from 1200-1450 of making gunpowder of intellectual innovation in Dar.... Heâ printing paper books from ceramic porcelain china materials around 1045 range from the Middles Ages.. Already have flying shuttle, compass, astrolabe, microscope, and improvements to navigation, the... Of 600 C.E held in front of the 1200-1450 and an imperial bureaucracy to maintain justify... And diversity in various regions also introduced Europe to the period of 600 C.E are a few examples of innovations. The Bubonic plague, along trade routes practices affected society in the 13th century hypothesized that the Chinese 200. Include the compass was `` rediscovered '' in 1182 by the Chinese invented black powder during the 9th.. Europe leading up to the invention, it was first used by the Han Dynasty but!, What is Total War in navigation from 1200 to c. 1450 Ages. China flourished as a result of increased productive capacity, expanding trade networks facilitated cultural and technological..